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Objectives: To assess parental preventive behaviour related to children related to the coronavirus disease-2019. Method: The descriptive-analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted from November to December 2021 in Kalirungkut, Surabaya, Indonesia, after approval from the ethics review committee of the Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya. The sample comprised parents of children aged <5. Data was collected using the Indonesian version of the Champion's Health Belief Model Scale questionnaire. RESULTS: Of the 125 subjects, 57(45.6%) were mothers and 68(54.4%) were fathers. Majority 63(50.3%) were aged 26-35 years, 82(85.6%) had completed senior high school, and 64(51.2%) had 2 children. Perceived susceptibility (p=0.044, rho=0.181), perceived severity (p=0.000, rho=0.363), perceived benefits (p=0.036, rho = 0.188), cues to action (p=0.018, rho=0.211) and self-efficacy (p=0.000, rho=0.345) were significantly related to parental behaviour, while perceived barrier was not significantly related (p=0.094, rho=-0.150). CONCLUSIONS: All factors in the Health Belief Model were found to be related to parental preventive behaviour except perceived barriers.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Pandemics , Female , Humans , Child , Cross-Sectional Studies , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , ParentsABSTRACT
Background: Clinical guidelines recommend the identification of asthma comorbidities, especially treatable problems such as parental behaviours and child and parent anxiety. Purpose: We aimed to (1) explore associations of asthma severity with child and parent state anxiety, trait anxiety, and asthma-related anxiety as well as with caregiver behaviours around physical activity and (2) explore if caregiver behaviours around physical activity were associated with use of inhaled ß-Agonists when symptomatic, and with child and parent anxiety. Patients and methods: Patients ages 3-17 years with asthma (n = 72) and their parents were recruited from the Pulmonology-Allergology Pediatric clinic University Hospital Centre Split in Split, Croatia during 2021. During a clinical visit, the pharmacological regimen was assessed and spirometry was performed. Children completed the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAI-C) and the Youth Asthma-Related Anxiety Scale (YASS). Parents completed the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Parent Asthma-Related Anxiety Scale (PASS), and the Physical Activity Parenting Practices - Short Form (PAPP). Results: Most patients had mild asthma (69.4%). Children with moderate to severe asthma had increased asthma-related anxiety (mean = 11.94 ± 6.1) compared with children with mild asthma (mean = 5.97 ± 6.39, p = 0.003). Parents of children with mild asthma reported behaviours allowing unsupervised physical activity outside more often when compared to parents of children with moderate or severe asthma. Physical activity facilitation parenting behaviour reduced the odds of a child's need for quick-reliever medication when symptomatic (OR = 0.376,95% CI = -1.885 to -0.072; p = 0.034); more coercive parenting increased the odds of a child's additional use of such medications (OR = 2.602; 95% CI = 0.005 to 1.908; p = 0.049). Parents of children in the highest quartile of trait anxiety showed less non-directive support (1.97 ± 1.01 vs. 2.89 ± 1.19, p = 0.031) and less autonomy support (3.14 ± 1.32 vs. 4.11 ± 1.23, p = 0.037) of physical activity in their children than those with less trait anxiety. Conclusion: Asthma-related anxiety was an important construct in this sample of children, associated with their disease severity as well as their parent's behaviours around the child's physical activities. Current research, conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, recognised the tangible ways that parents support or avoid the asthmatic children's physical activity participation. Child anxiety and recognised parental physical activity behaviours are potentially important factors to assess and target for intervention.
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Purpose: The study aims to determine the prevalence of mental health problems among early adolescents and their associations with parental relationships.
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This study presents the first description of the breeding biology of the IUCN Endangered North Philippine Hawk-Eagle (Nisaetus philippensis). We describe a single pair's breeding phenology, nest characteristics, diet, chick development, and behavior through on-the-ground and remote observations from 1 February to 14 May 2020. Due to limited mobility during the COVID-19 pandemic, we improvised a video recording setup for remote monitoring and used machine learning to extract data from images. The nest was a low cup/fork type stick nest placed on a Malabulak tree (Bombax ceiba) in a heavily disturbed secondary forest. When it was first found, the incubation stage was underway and lasted for 1 month as the nestling emerged on 1 March 2020. Both adults provided parental care throughout the breeding period, with the male primarily providing food and the female attending to the nest, egg, and chick. They preyed on a wide range of vertebrates such as lizards, ground birds, bats, rodents, and domestic animals. With a single egg per clutch and a relatively long breeding cycle, the species has a slow reproductive output that may contribute to its current threatened status.